Immune system

[kim]

I have posted a couple of links to articles that were written by someone who posts on the mothering.com forum, previously.

 

These articles were really amazing at pointing out some of the reasons why vaccines may be linked to immune system disorders that are on the rise in children. Even if you have no interest in immunization, these are good reading, in regards to immune function.

 

One thing that's discusssed is the two (with the possibility of a 3rd) arms of the immune system. I think she says that the TH2 arm has only been really investigated or known about since sometime in the 1980's?

 

Basically, the TH1 system is the "search and destroy" arm, and the TH2 is kind of like the clean up crew, that comes in, and tells "search and destroy" to go home, and "remembers" the the invader, for the next attack.

 

The relationship btwn TH2 and inflammation, seems could be very important.

 

I have this saved on a notepad, I think it's from one of the two articles;

 

Vitamins can have a huge impact on the Th1-Th2 response of the immune system. While the research on this is in its infancy, and I have no doubt there will be inconsistent findings as there always is to begin with, some interesting findings are already emerging showing that vitamins have a direct effect on development of the Th1 or Th2 immune system. (Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol 18, No 3, March 1999 pages 283-290)

 

It is known, for instance that Vitamin C seems to suppress the Th2 system, and promote the Th1 system (pg 286, ref above), which is why asthmatics on Vitamin C have fewer and less severe attacks than those who don’t take Vitamin C. (Trop Geogr Med 1980;32:132-7). It has also been shown that the mean vitamin C levels in patients with asthma is significantly lower than in healthy control subjects (Afr J Med Sci. 1985;14:115-120) and that Vitamin C can have a protective effect and block Exercise-Induced Asthma (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Vol 151, April 1997, pg 367).

 

You can read one paper here

 

http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:MkNJmE...11&ie=UTF-8

 

I think the other, was the one I was having problems getting to come up, after posting the link. I can try again, if anyone is interested.

 

This is just a google search of Th1 and TH2

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=...G=Google+Search.

[kim]

Cell mediated Immunity=TH1

Humoral immunity=TH2

 

http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstra...pe2=tf_ipsecsha

 

We conclude that there is a relative skewing of CSFL profiles toward type 1 cytokines in patients with OCD, whereas in schizophrenia the relative preponderance is toward type 2 mediators. Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibited profiles intermediate between OCD and schizophrenia. We infer that cell-mediated immunity may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of OCD, whereas a relative lack of cell-mediated immunity and involvement of humoral immunity may be present in schizophrenia. These data provide a rationale for immune- based strategies of study and therapeutics in childhood neuropsychiatric disease.

 

 

http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/24/7/1780

 

A broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders is described in association with human GABHS infection, including SC, OCD, TS, and ADHD. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for humoral immunity in these disorders, including the presence of antineuronal antibodies (Husby et al., 1977; Kiessling et al., 1994;

 

 

http://www.roystonclinic.com/autoimmune.htm

 

TH1 dominant conditions include :

 

Crohn’s disease

Diabetes type I

Hashimoto’s disease & Grave's Disease (thyroiditis)

Psoriasis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Sarcoidosis (may be Th2 also)

 

TH2 dominant conditions include:

 

Allergies

Asthma

Chronic Sinusitis

Many Cancers

Hepatitis C

Ulcerative colitis

Viral infections

 

 

This article contains a table of up and down regulators of the TH1 and THs systems also

[kim]

Chemar,

 

Just wondering if you have seen anything relating to the first article from NEJM.org (the first part). I'm trying to learn as I go, and posting some things that I find interesting. Thought you might want to read this too. The second part represents what I feel has been going on for quite some time (adjuvants). It's all about producing antibodies, with reckless regard to consequences, short or long term.

 

This guy is trying to "turn on" the TH1 response in infants, so vaccines can be started/given prior to the usual two months.

 

http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/351/20/2069

 

Anti–Interleukin-12 Antibody for Active Crohn's Disease

 

Conclusions Treatment with a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-12 may induce clinical responses and remissions in patients with active Crohn's disease. This treatment is associated with decreases in Th1-mediated inflammatory cytokines at the site of disease.

 

Now, consider this

 

Vaccine Adjuvant May Boost Babies' Immune Response

 

http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDise...accines/dh/3164

 

But, Dr. Levy said, in fact, the neonatal immune system is biased in favor of a T-helper cell type II (Th2) response, which is thought to protect against inflammatory responses that could lead to such consequences as premature delivery.

 

The polarization in favor of Th2 means the Th1 response, which protects against infection, is less effective, Dr. Levy said.

 

An effective Th1 response depends on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) being activated and expressing co-stimulatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-12 (IL12), and CD40. That activation, in turn, depends on stimulation of so-called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the APCs.

 

"We found that when most Toll-like receptors are stimulated, newborns' immune responses are very impaired," Dr. Levy said. "But there was one important exception."

 

The exception, he and colleagues found, is TLR8 - stimulation of APCs with TLR8 agonists produced normal adult levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12, and CD40.

[Chemar]

thanks Kim

 

I will need to spend some time on this to fully understand....

I really appreciate your posting these

 

real busy with work at present but am going to go over it all tomorrow

 

thanks again!

[kim]

Your welcome Cheri.

 

I'm not sure there is anything helpful there, but I did think that you might want to read what they said about interleukin and crohn's.

 

I was totally going in circles with the Th1/Th2 thing. The two articles I posted above contradict each other in regards to what arm of the immune system may be over active in regards to OCD.

 

I found similiar contradictions in other articles. I must have read 50 tonite.

 

Then, I remembered one that talked about both arms being overactive at the same time. I found it in the articles thread. Small study, but makes sense. How much of this may apply specifically to people with TS, not autism???? Also, the difference in an infant receiving immunizations and an older child, would probably be different too.

 

This is the study that talks about both TH1 and TH2 being highly active in a resting state. They found similiar reactions in autistic children and controls when in an active state.

 

Study Finds Children with Autism Have More Active Adaptive Immune System

 

http://www.cureautismnow.org/site/apps/nl/...mp;auid=1700278

 

These findings demonstrate that, in children with autism, both the Th1 and Th2 cytokines are more highly activated in the immune system's resting state, indicating potential underlying hypersensitivity to exposures in the general environment. Dr. Molloy's study shows that immune dysregulation is found in the adaptive immune system, as has been previously shown for the innate immune system, confirming that children with autism exhibit hyper-sensitivity in both innate and adaptive systems. Dr. Molloy's research has found increases in both pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines in the Th1 and Th2 system which is indicative of dysregulation in the two systems. Instead of focusing on the exact role of the anti- or pro- inflammatory cytokines, the study highlights the importance of balanced regulation between these two systems in the adaptive immune system.

 

This is another article where they are trying to come up with an adjuvant that moves away from promoting Th2 response (alum.& pertussus are the adjuvants...both promote TH2) which they say stimulates IgE production and allergic disease.

 

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17280420

 

But apparently there are problems with this too

 

http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2...journalCode=flp

 

Thanks for reading the ramblings of an ametuer researcher.

 

I think the bottom line here, is much is still unknown.

 

 

What really keeps me studying this stuff, is the decision not to vaccinate my kids anymore.

 

I wonder what the chicken pox could do to an immune system that is not functioning properly, either from natural infection, or the 2nd dose of varicalla vax, especially if they already have high antibodies since recieving the first dose.

 

I just don't want to miss anything. like I have in the past.

[kim]

Bump