Adjuvants as a trigger for autoimmunity

[LNN]

Stumbled across this and thought it was very interesting...(bolding is mine)

http://lup.sagepub.com/content/21/2/118.full

 

During the past year a new syndrome was introduced and termed ASIA, ‘Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants’.1 This syndrome assembles a spectrum of immune-mediated diseases triggered by an adjuvant stimulus.2 – 4 The use of medical adjuvants has become common practice and substances such as aluminum adjuvant are added to most human and animal vaccines, while the adjuvant silicone is extensively used for breast implants and cosmetic procedures. Furthermore, ‘hidden adjuvants’ such as infectious material or house molds have also been associated with different immune mediated conditions.1,5 The adjuvant effect has been recognized for years, and is broadly utilized to enhance desired antigen-specific immune responses.6 This effect is accomplished via mechanisms that impinge on both the innate and adaptive immune systems.6 – 9 Formerly, adjuvants were thought to pose little or no independent threat. Alas, studies of animal models and humans demonstrated the ability of some of them to inflict autoimmunity and immune-mediated diseases by themselves.2,10,11 Intriguingly, although exposure is common, adjuvant disease is relatively rare. It has been suggested that for a clinically overt adjuvant disease additional risk factors are required such as genetic susceptibilities or the co-exposure to other environmental factors.1

 

This special issue of Lupus is dedicated to ASIA and contains diverse articles from different geographical areas which provide a broad view of the clinical manifestations as well as the mechanisms related to the adjuvant effect.

 

...

Another cornerstone of ASIA is the complex interaction between autoimmunity and adjuvanted vaccines. On the one hand vaccines are beneficial for the vast majority of subjects including those who suffer from autoimmune-rheumatic diseases as delineated in this issue by van Assen and Bijl.16 On the other hand in a small minority of individuals vaccine can trigger the appearance of autoantibodies as documented by Vista et al.17 and Perdan-Pirkmajer et al.18 Moreover, a link between immunization and defined autoimmune diseases has been reported elsewhere and herein.2 A plausible association between the flu vaccine and polymyalgia rheumatica is reported here by Soriano et al.19 from Italy, and Soldevilla et al.20 describe three patients diagnosed with SLE following immunization with the human papilloma vaccine from the Philippines. In addition, in a retrospective analysis Zafrir et al.21 details common denominators among 93 American patients diagnosed with immune-mediated conditions following inoculation with hepatitis B vaccine.

[SSS]

For people that don't know, some of the adjuvants added to vaccines are:

 

Aluminum

Thimerosal (Mercury)

Squalene (swine flu vaccine)

Formaldehyde

Monkey kidney tissue

Chick kidney cells

Bovine protein (from animal or human unclear)

 

*From the CDC list of ingredients

[kim]

LLM,

 

I'm well aware of that paper and glad you posted it.

 

Also, reading through a few of these stories, you really have to wonder when enough people will HAVE to stand up and take a serious look at the role multiple vaccinations are playing in these disorders.

 

http://truthaboutgardasil.org/injuries/

 

 

I really recommend reading this paper (like 10 times, lol) to anyone interested in this topic. It was such a stepping stone to my education in vaccination.

 

http://www.whale.to/vaccines/butler.html

[kim]

http://vaccinexchange.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/tomljenovic_shaw-cmc-published2.pdf

 

Aluminum Vaccine Adjuvants: Are they Safe?

L. Tomljenovic*,1 and C.A. Shaw2

 

 

Finally, the neuropathological findings

by Zinka et al. [98] are consistent with neurotoxic properties of

aluminum adjuvants. For example, as shown by our group as well

others, aluminum is a BBB neurotoxin [54, 99] that has a

propensity to activate brain microglia and increase the production

of inflammatory cytokines thereby instigating and/or exacerbating

inflammation and excitotoxicity in the brain [31, 43, 44, 100-104].

 

sounds perfectly natural hau?

 

http://news.yale.edu/2008/05/21/yale-researchers-describe-how-vaccine-adjuvant-jump-starts-immune-system

 

Yale Researchers Describe How Vaccine Adjuvant Jump-Starts Immune System

[kim]

posted on lyme forum (there may be something vaccine related here so I'm just going to leave it here too

 

I'm wondering if anyone can help me sort this out?

 

I'm thinking this paper might need a 2nd look even if you just read the intro

 

http://rheumatology..../7/833.full.pdf

Overlapping humoral autoimmunity links rheumatic

fever and the antiphospholipid syndrome

 

then this

 

http://www.mayoclini...ECTION=symptoms

 

Excerpts:

 

less common symptoms

 

Neurological symptoms. Chronic headaches, including migraines, dementia and seizures are possible when a blood clot blocks blood flow to parts of your brain. Rash. Some people develop a red rash with a lacy, net-like pattern (livedo reticularis) on their wrists and knees.

 

Bleeding. Some people experience a decrease in platelets, blood cells necessary for normal clotting. If you have this condition (thrombocytopenia), you may have few or no symptoms. However, if your platelet count drops too low, you may have episodes of bleeding, particularly from your nose and gums. You can also bleed into your skin, which will appear as patches of small, red spots (petechiae).

 

Infrequent signs and symptoms include:

 

Movement disorder, in which your body and limbs jerk uncontrollably (chorea)

Cognitive problems, such as poor memory

 

Sudden hearing loss

 

Mental health problems, such as depression or psychosis

 

and

 

http://ard.bmj.com/c...t/62/5/388.full

 

Parvovirus B19

Loizou et al measured a variety of aPL in the sera of 12 patients with parvovirus B19 infection.14 The aCL were found to be β2GPI dependent, as in SLE, unlike the antibodies from patients with other viral infections examined (not sure what that means)

 

 

http://en.wikipedia..../Parvovirus_B19

B19 virus causes a childhood rash called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum which is commonly called slapped cheek syndrome

 

 

http://www.pedrheumo...nesis-final.pdf

 

excerpts

 

Other infections less frequently associated with APS are pulmonary tuberculosis, mycoplasma, malaria, P. carinii and leptospirosis.

 

and

 

There is structural similarity between various common pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus pyogenus, Borrelia burgdorferi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Vaccinia virus, Epstein-Barr virus and ß2GPI and ß2GPI related peptides. One theory is that pathogen particles are phagocytized and digested by antigen presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells or B cells).

 

 

http://www.pedrheumo...nesis-final.pdf

 

 

Whether an individual will develop APS will depend mainly on his genetic predisposition. Therefore, a mimicking antigen, similar in only one epitope, may initiate a primary cross-reactive response to that epitope that subsequently results in recognition of numerous epitopes on the host β2GPI. Mimicry may be one of the mechanisms for breaking the tolerance and triggering the autoimmune response. Yet, the mere presence of a self-determinants on a virus or bacteria, will not necessarily result in disease. The full-blown APS will emerge only if appropriate genetic predisposition exists.

Edited January 28, 2012 by kim

[PowPow]

Thanks for posting these articles. I have Antiphospolipid antibodies and am treated for it. My pandas daughter was checked pre-pandas for another reason and was negative. I wonder if that is still the case? Nice to read more examples of molecular mimicry!

[kim]

Thanks for the reply PowPow,

 

Does your daughter have any of the little blood dots (petachias) during flare up, or any other time that you've noticed?

How about livedo reticularis? The thread on the Lyme forum might be helpful, Pixeysmom posted a picture.

Has she ever seemed to have any hearing problems?

 

I think one of the papers said that many "normal" people have these antibodies that resolve and one said that the ones created during infection didn't progress to clotting abnormalities (i think) except in full blown APL crisis.

 

Something that raised a really big red flag was the statement in the first paper about experimental studies showing mimicry btwn 2GPI-related synthetic peptides and TETANUS toxoid?

 

Ok, so the CDC says discuss concerns with your Dr.

 

Can you see a conversation with your ped where you ask if there is a history of APL syndrome in the family if a it's a good idea to get your child immunized with the 3rd 4th 5th or NOW SIXTH dose of some combo of DTP (don't know how old your child is) TdaP etc. You could tell him/her that you do understand that the tetanus toxin is detoxed with formaldehyde, thereby rendering it a less potent toxoid, but when they get to absorbing that toxioid on an aluminum adjuvent and injecting it, well, it just makes you a little nervous since you've read that this is one of the ways that they create this autoantibody experimentally. BTW, how does that aluminum work anyway?

 

I wonder if any of the Dr.s would have an answer to that question? Would they give you a waiver, have a satisfactory explaination, or just go back to the risk is so much smaller than the reward answer? I had one Ped storm right out of the exam room when I brought up aluminum and thimerosal. She said that she didn't believe any of the stuff I was talking about was in vaccines and that the Dr. who started those rumors had apologized . She would not get an insert and said we would just have to agree to disagree.

[PowPow]

I am going to read this all much more clearly in the next few days. My other daughter actually developed livedo reticularis (severely) during her IVIG infusion- which the hem/onc doc was stumped at! I knew it was a sign of something... and then a few days after her IVIG she developed her blood began to hemolyze and she developed hemolytic anemia. she was sick for weeks, but recovered.

The daughter who was tested negative for APL and ACL antibodies is NOT the one who developed the hemolysis. She is the sicker one (also had lyme & babesia) and does complain of muffled hearing, but it could easily be her concentration, as she has none! I did not know of a correlation.

 

But back to this adjuvant topic----

So, basically the "additive" to vaccines are used to induce autoimmunity in the lab? HMM-- that is food for thought. I have little ones still needing vaccines and I think the immune system in my family is already toast (multiple serious autoimmune diseases and at least 3 PANDAS kids ) Great, I may have to find a new doc. I love mine, but he is pretty serious on the vaccine issue. Stalling is a good tactic Why can't things be simple??

[kim]

PowPOW,

 

So, basically the "additive" to vaccines are used to induce autoimmunity in the lab

 

Not exactly.

 

http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/45/7/833.full.pdf

 

pg 838 left side of the paper

 

Furthermore, studies on experimental APS models proved

that molecular mimicry between 2GPI-related synthetic peptides

and structures within bacteria, viruses and tetanus toxoid are

a cause for experimental APS [29, 30]

 

on this one, I just skipped down to "Discussion." It's not the adjuvant (in the case of TdaP-aluminum

phosphate) it's the tetanus toxoid and other homologous bacteria (when purified and concentrated)that appears to be capable of leading to problems with APS.

 

http://www.jci.org/articles/view/12337/files/pdf

 

Bacterial induction of autoantibodies to β2-glycoprotein-I

accounts for the infectious etiology

of antiphospholipid syndrome

inducing pathogenic anti-β2GPI Ab’s.

 

 

I want to point out PowP that I have no education what so ever that qualifies me to say exactly what any of this means. I do believe however, that your Dr. should before he advices you on how to proceed with any vaccine.

 

If he's really serious on the vaccine issue, he should be willing to do some research with your particular family history and children in mind. Each vaccine should be looked at very carefully for the particular risk reward scenario with the known state of your kids health/immune function. I believe with my whole heart that PARENTS are the only ones who are going to change what I consider to be an extremly dangerous uneducated attitude with many of these Dr.s and I fear it's going to get worse with the push back from Pharma.

 

Can I ask what the feeling is toward future IVIG for either of your daughters?

[PowPow]

Well, the one who developed the anemia post IVIG is doing pretty well- so i hope I never need to revisit the issue! The hem/onc and blood bank director came up with a plan, though, should we ever need it. They would infuse it very slowly and for about 15-30 mins and wait a few hours. Monitor her urine for RBCs and her clinical appearance. They would run it slowly to finish- probably overnight. I am not sure how comfortable I am with that and if she needs something again, I would request pex. She had that also and it was very helpful.

 

The other daughter has received 2 IVIG about 7 months apart. She will be getting more soon, as they are helpful (or perhaps the concurrent IV steroids are doing the trick!). Or perhaps, the IV steroids are preventing an autoimmune reaction from her???

 

Thank you for pointing me directly to the reference in the paper. I think I have it now! So maybe my personal experience with strep "molecular mimicry" (many, many strep infections as a kid, resulting in tonsillectomy at age 9) is APS?

The similarity between anti-2GPI and anti-M5,

as well as anti-GlcNAc activity, as found in our study, may point

that certain strains of group A streptococcal infection might have

a causative role not only in RF but also for APS development.

Indeed, several previous reports showed the presence of aPL in

streptococcal infection.

 

Also, this tetanoid toxin discussion reminded of something I had forgotten. Another daughter of mine (not PANDAS!!!) actually had a significant reaction to her DTAP around age 5 or so. She developed very large circles on her leg, not lacing, but large red and purple circles. Our doctor's office actually ended up reporting it to the CDC vaccine reaction program (or whatever it is). I should ask to review the copy. Her allergist said he would like to allergy test her before she gets another tetanus shot. I do NOT think it was a allergic reaction.

 

Some much to think about. I need to get my highlighters and print these articles out! Thanks to both you and LLM for bringing this to our attention!

 

My girls are 12 & 13, though I have younger ones still in the vaccination age (though with PANDAS overtaking my life, we do not get to many well visit. DARN)

Edited January 28, 2012 by PowPow

[kim]

PowPow,

 

I have been meaning to get back to this thread. My family is however thinking I need "egg timer," controlled computer time again and they are talking about duct taping my mouth shut and making me watch episodes of House. I think this is their attempt at either punishment or a crude form of ERP.

 

Anyway, I really glad that you remembered that vax reaction.

 

I also wanted to share with you something that I would really want to investigate if you haven't already (with the guidance of an alt. practitioner or someone qualified).

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1627234

 

 

To investigate the nutritional relevance of this finding, we examined the incorporation of several dietary fatty acid classes into the CL pool of mice. Mice were fed diets containing n-6 (safflower oil), n-9 (olive oil) or n-3 fatty acids as either 18:3n-3 (linseed oil) or 20:5n-3/22:6n-3 (fish oil) for a 5 month period. The feeding of fish oil and olive oil resulted in replacement of a substantial portion of 18:2n-6 with 22:6n-3 or 18:1n-9, respectively. These results suggest that there may be therapeutic value in modifying the CL acyl composition by nutritional means with respect to binding to pathogenic aPL.

 

Are the fatty acids or phospholipids anything that you have investigated relating to your girls?